Raptors (birds of prey) play a key role in both the structure and functioning of natural communities. Raptors prey on animals ranging from insects, small rodents, reptiles, primates etc. The range of their prey suggests that they have a great significance on the ecology of many other animals. The carrying capacity of any environment for raptors is usually set by availability of food supplies and nest sites. Understanding of their breeding, feeding and habitat behavior is important in determining their conservation requirements.

In Bwindi Impenetrable Forest raptors have suffered habitat loss as result of human encroachment. The principal objective of this study was to investigate raptor species requirements in the forest reserve and surrounding areas.

This was achieved by examining the diet, breeding, and interactions with man and his cultivated land. Raptors and their nests were sought and observed. Observations on feeding habits were conducted on active nests and prey was identified. Pellets and discarded materials were also collected from under the nests and feeding sites. Interviews were conducted to investigate local people’s attitudes towards raptors. The data was collected from August 1987 to August 1989.

Forty one active nests were found these belonged to seven species: Crowned Hawk-eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus), Mountain Buzzard (Buteo trizonatus), Rufous-chested Sparrow hawk (Accipiter rufiventris), Harrier Hawk (Polyboroides radiates), Great Sparrow hawk, Augur Buzzard (Buteo augur), Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus), and the Long-crested eagle (Lophoaetus occipitalis) and monitored.

Nesting season extended from February- October, laying season extended from April-November. Both sexes participated in caring for the young.  Reproductive rates were low.

Raptor density was very low.  Only the Black kite (Milvus migrans) was recorded migrating.

Raptors differed in their food habits. Three hundred and six prey items composed of insects, reptiles, rodents, small antelopes and primates were recorded.

  Migrating Black kites

The local people knew two-thirds of the species. The most serious threats to raptors are the indiscriminate deforestation outside the Forest Reserve and persecution by local people.  Pesticide pollution, eggs collection, sport hunting and bird watching appeared insignificant. The study recommends that raptors be protected from human disturbances through: legislation, buffer zone creation, limiting access to breeding sites and local education.